NO. 16 MOTOR GRADER Operating Techniques Caterpillar

Right Hand Leveling

1. Set center shift rack so rack left ball joint socket is in line with left end of carrier.

2. Set blade to cast material outside of left rear wheels.

3. Set blade horizontal at desired depth of cut.

4. Lean wheels to left to overcome side draft.

5. Set blade in normal position.

6. Under good conditions, work material from side to side.

7. Rough or pitted material, plane smooth.

8. Respread loose material over smooth surface.

In normal leveling work, deliver material to outside of rear wheels to maintain a smooth surface for rear wheels.

When operating side shift rack, watch to make certain that rack does not travel out of contact with pinion.

Left Hand Leveling

1. Set center shift rack so left end of carrier is centered between 1st and 2nd bolts at left of rack.

2. Set blade to cast material outside of right rear wheels.

3. Set blade horizontal at desired depth of cut.

4. Lean wheels to right. Proceed in the same manner as for right hand leveling.

Right Hand "V" Ditching

1. Set center shift rack so rack left ball joint socket is in line with left end of carrier.

2. Set blade so right end is in line with outer edge of right front tire.

3. Raise left lift arm to high position. Angle blade to deliver material between wheels.

4. Lower right lift arm to set blade tip for desired depth of cut.

1/2 Maintain 3 to 1 slope on inside slope and 1 to 1 or 2 to 1 on back slope.

5. Lean wheels to left. Keep right front tire in bottom of ditch.

6. Make marking pass then continue ditching to desired depth.

Left Hand "V" Ditching

1. Set center shift rack so left end of carrier is centered between 1st and 2nd bolts at left of rack.

2. Set blade so left end is in line with outer edge of left front tire.

3. Raise right lift arm to high position.

4. Lower left lift arm to set blade tip for desired depth of cut.

5. Lean front wheels to right. Keep left tire in bottom of ditch.

6. Make marking pass, then continue ditching to desired depth.

Right Hand Shoulder Clean-up

1. Set center shift rack so left end of carrier is centered between 1st and 2nd bolts at left of rack.

2. Set blade so right end is in line with outer edge of right tire and material is delivered between the wheels.

3. Lower both lift arms so blade is horizontal at desired depth of cut.

4. Lean front wheels to left.

Left Hand Shoulder Clean-up

1. Set side shift rack so left end of carrier is centered between 6th and 7th bolts from left of rack.

2. Set blade so left end is in line with outside edge of left front tire and material is delivered between wheels.

3. Lower both lift arms until blade is horizontal at desired depth.

4. Lean front wheels to right.

Ditch Back Sloping

1. Tilt blade ahead of vertical.

2. Set side shift to the right. Always have at least two rack teeth showing at left of pinion.

3. Set left lift link in bottom hole.

4. Set right link in top hole.

5. Rotate circle to left.

6. Lower left lift arm while circle is turning.

7. Set heel of blade in front of right rear tire.

8. Lower right lift arm to set degree of slope.

9. Lean wheels toward slope (right) for heavier cut.

10. Lean wheels away from slope (left) for lighter cut.

Right Hand Ditch Clean-up

1. Set side shift rack so carrier is centered.

2. Set right end of blade behind right front tire.

3. Lower right lift arm to set blade at depth of ditch.

4. Set left lift arm to deliver material onto slope without cutting.

5. Lean front wheels to left.

6. Move material up slope and onto shoulder. Spread material and finish final grade.

Maintain 3 to 1 slope on ditch slope.

Left Hand Ditch Clean-up

1. Set center shift rack so rack left ball joint socket is in line with left end of carrier.

2. Set blade so left end is behind left front tire.

3. Lower left lift arm to set blade at depth of ditch.

4. Set right lift arm to deliver material onto slope without cutting.

5. Lean front wheels to right.

6. Move material up slope and onto shoulder. Spread material and finish grade.

1/2 Maintain 1 to 1 or 2 to 1 slope on backslope.

Roadbuilding - "V" Ditch Method

Steps shown are for one side. Repeat on opposite side of road.

Flat Bottom Ditching

If no "V" ditch exists, make one to desired depth of flat bottom ditch.

1. Tip blade forward.

2. Set side shift rack so rack left ball joint socket is in line with left end of carrier.

3. Have right front tire in bottom of "V" ditch.

4. Set blade so right end is inside right front tire at desired width of flat bottom ditch.

5. Lower right lift arm to set blade at desired depth of cut.

6. Raise left lift arm to high position.

7. Lean front wheels to left. Cut second "V" ditch to same depth as first one.

8. Cut flat bottom. Set right lift link in third or fourth hole, according to required depth.

9. Set left link in top hole.

10. Set side shift rack so right end of rack is slightly above top of frame. Adjust for various widths and depths.

11. Start right front tire in bottom of first "V" ditch.

12. Set right end of blade at bottom of backslope.

13. Lower right lift arm so point of blade is on established grade of ditch.

14. Lower left lift arm to desired depth of cut. Lean front wheels to left.

15. Set blade at sharp angle and move material up slope of ditch.

16. Spread windrow and finish final grade.

Road Building - Flat Bottom Ditch Method

Steps shown are for one side. Repeat on opposite side of road.

Extreme Side Reach

1. Set right lift link to longest position.

2. Extend left lift link and shorten center shift link.

3. Move both moldboard and side shift rack to extreme right.

4. Lower blade to desired depth and set at an angle to deliver material to side.

High Bank Cuts

Road bed at base of cut must be level.

1. Set center shift link to shortest position and right lift link for slope. First hole for 90° and vary to fifth hole for flatter slopes. Extend left lift link. Tip moldboard forward.

2. Move moldboard to extreme right and side shift rack to right.

3. Rotate circle and lower left lift arm.

4. Move into cut gradually.

5. Lower left lift arm to set heel of blade at bottom of slope and center of rear tire.

6. Right rear tires should run in "V" at base of slope.

7. Lower right lift arm to set desired degree of bank slope.

8. For heavier cut, lean front wheels toward slope (right).

9. For lighter cut, lean front wheels away from slope (left).

Keep material from slope moved to outside of rear wheels.